Development of Personality:
The personality of an individual is personal and unique and a major determinant of his behavior, because of different personalities people respond differently in a given situation. It is personality that tells how a person actually is. Whether he is nice, shy, helpful, or aggressive? The personality of a person makes him unique, but how does it develop? How exactly did a person become who he is today? What are the factors that play a vital role in the shaping of personality?
There are different approaches to the development of personality; one major approach is the identification of physiological stages and psychological stages. Different psychologists like Freud, Erikson, and Alder have given their views on it.
Freudian Stages:
Sigmund Freud proposed a theory that is based upon the thought that man is motivated through many unseen forces. His findings show that man is motivated through forces that are of the unconscious framework. This framework consists of three aspects the id, the ego, and the super ego. It is discussed as follows.
The Id: The id is part of psychic energy and it tends to satisfy biological/instinct needs immediately. It can be classified under life instinct and death instinct. Life instincts are hunger, thirst, and sex. These basic needs are satisfied by energy known as the libido. The death instinct is to urge for living and the driving force is fear of death. The id is not changed and it is activated within the unconscious part of the mind. As a child grows he learns to control the id. The id works for getting pleasure. So the Id is a motivational force living without fear hunger, thirst, and sexual urges. As the child grows the id part of his personality develops and he comes to know that these are the needs he has to satisfy
The ego: The ego is the conscious and logical part of human personality. It controls the id stage of human personality through logic and reasoning. The ego is the organized part of the personality structure that includes defensive and rational aspects. The development of logical thinking, defensiveness self-esteem, and interpersonal skills is the making of the ego stage. It tends to control the satisfaction of need in the id stage but logically and consciously.
Super Ego: The superego stands for societal and personal norms that serve as ethical constraints on behavior. The superego stage tells the norms to the ego stage that what is right or wrong. It is developed through cultural and social norms. It is influenced by people in life like educators teachers mentors or idols of human beings. The super-ego aspires to excellence and perfection.